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A general view of the Nama-karoo
section showing Aloe grandidentata, A. broomii (centre)
and Aloe dichotoma & Euphorbia avasmontana in the
background. The rocks are mainly dolorite and Beaufort shale.
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The Nama-karoo region represents the largest part of South Africa.
It is situated in the higher inland western part of South Africa.
Rainfall is mainly during the summer months, with peaks in autumn
and spring and frost in winter. It is not as rich in succulent and
bulbous plant species as the succulent karoo parts of Namaqualand,
Knersvlakte and Little Karoo regions. The vegetation here is known
as Nama-karoo and consists mainly of dwarf shrublands and sparse grassland
with small trees and shrubs on the outcrops. Various plants from this
region have been introduced to the conservatory. This section has
been filled with mainly dolorite and shale rocks from the Fraserburg
region and surface limestone from elsewhere.
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Prominent
plants introduced include many members of the Mesembryanthemaceae.
These include the stone plants (Lithops, Titanopsis, Prepodesma
& Deilanthe) which resemble pebbles and are difficult
to see. Other species grown here include: L. peersii, L. salicola
and L. olivacea. The liver plant (Pleiospilos)
also looks like a rock, but grows exposed. Its leaves are sometimes
ground and mixed with snuff.
The photo on the left shows several dwarf mesembs growing in surface
limestone. Aloe claviflora is in the forground and Aloe
dichtoma behind.
The doringvygie (Ruschia intricata) is a small shrublet
bearing spiny branches and pink flowers during the winter and spring.
The kraal aloe (Aloe claviflora) has gray tapering leaves.
It starts off from a singe plant which continuously divides and
eventually forms a circle, therefore its vernacular name, kraal
aloe. Its striking inflorescence, bearing reddish flowers, are produced
horizontally. The partridge aloe (A. variegata) grows in
small clusters. It has attractive variegated leaves in 3 ranks.
It usually grows below shrubs, only exposing its conspicuous red
flowers in spring. Aloe broomii is a large, robust, solitary
species. It has a dense rosette of short, dark green, rough, spiny
leaves and produces an inflorescence as thick as a mans arm. Small
yellowish flowers appear in spring. It is named for the anthropologist
Dr. Robert Broom. A. grandidentata is common on rocky outcrops
and grows in dense stands that are striking during its flowering
time.
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The
oukossie (Gasteria disticha) was introduced from Beaufort
West. It has mottled leaves in two ranks and its raceme of pinkish
flowers appears in summer. The flowers can be stripped and cooked
up in a stew, hence the vernacular name that refers to traditional
food. The voetangel (Euphorbia ferox) grows in rounded clusters.
It has spiny succulent stems. The northern part of the Nama-karoo
(Bushmanland) has elements of dry Savannah & subtropical species
such as Euphorbia avasmontana, (in foreground of photo on
right), Commiphora gracilifrondosa, Barleria lichtensteiniana
and Ficus cordata. Barleria lichtensteinii, or tongklapper,
as it is locally named, has interesting fruits which explosively
release their seed when moistened. When a dry fruit is placed under
the tong it explodes; hence the Afrikaans vernacular name, tongklapper
('tong' = tongue and 'klapper', a cracker).
The quiver tree (Aloe dichotoma) (in background of photo
above right) also occurs in this region. The display contains a
dried specimen with woodpecker holes in its branches. Other smaller
succulent plants grown here include: Anacampseros arachnoides,
A. filamentosa and A. subnuda.
Also included here are wild rye (Secale africanum) and wild
onion (Allium dregeanum). These two interesting plants from
the Roggeveld escarpment occur as relics, as other members of their
genera can only be found in the Mediterranean region to the north.
The wild rye is a rare endemic. The kambro (Fockea comaru)
has a large underground tuber that is edible and tasty. It has a
twining stem and small leaves which are difficult to detect among
the background.
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